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论我国《保险法》第42条的修改与完善/韩秀峰

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-05-07 11:03:40  浏览:9710   来源:法律资料网
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论我国《保险法》第42条的修改与完善

韩秀峰
河北保定北市区检察院


[摘要]《保险法》第42条是关于发生保险事故后,被保险人应尽力防止或者减少保险损失的规定。该条文表面上看似乎不存在任何问题,但实际情况是,该条文已经在理论上和实务上引起了歧义,有必要进行修改和完善,以维护保险合同各方的利益。
[关键词] 保险法;保险标的;损失承担;合理费用承担


一、问题的提出
我国《保险法》第42条规定:“保险事故发生时,被保险人有责任尽力采取必要的措施,防止或者减少损失。保险事故发生后,被保险人为防止或者减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要的、合理的费用,由保险人承担;保险人所承担的数额在保险标的损失赔偿金额以外另行计算,最高不超过保险金额的数额。”该条文分两款,第一款是明确了被保险人的施救义务,第二款是有关费用的分担问题。其中第二款又分为两层含义。第一层含义是说保险事故发生后,被保险人为防止或者减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要的、合理的费用,由保险人承担。它明确了施救等合理费用的承担人是保险人。第二层含义是说保险人所承担的数额在保险标的损失赔偿金额以外另行计算,最高不超过保险金额的数额。这句话是最容易引发不同的理解的语句,也是本文讨论的核心问题。对该规定目前出现了两种不同的理解。
1、财产损失与合理费用的总额不能超过保险金额
按照保险法损失补偿原则的原理,保险合同生效后,如果发生保险责任范围内的损失,被保险人有权按照合同的约定,获得全面、充分的赔偿。损失补偿的范围包括保险事故发生时,保险标的的实际损失、合理费用以及其他费用。该观点认为各项损失及费用之和最高不超过保险金额的数额。
这种观点在很多场合得到了印证,在此我们只举一例加以说明。在2006年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试《保险法》试卷中,其中第25题是一道单项选择题,某企业投保财产险50万元,在一次火灾事故中,实际损失为45万元,为保护和抢救财产支出的必要费用为10万元,为确认保险责任范围内的损失支付的估价费为2万元。保险公司应向该企业赔偿( )A.45万元 ;B.50万元;C.55万元;D.57万元。答案是B.50万元。1我们认为该答案是错误的。
这种观点的理论依据是,如果保险人承担的各项损失之和超过保险金额的话,对保险人是不公平的,因为保险人只收取了一次的保费,即与保险金额相适应的保费,保险人没有考虑到会双倍支付损失和费用,长此以往会影响保险业的健康发展,也违反了民法的公平原则和等价有偿原则。
2、财产损失与合理费用的总额可以超过保险金额,但不得超过保险金额的两倍
持这种观点的人认为,第42条第二款说的很清楚,必要的合理的施救费,保险人所承担的数额在保险标的损失赔偿金额以外另行计算,最高不超过保险金额的数额。这句话的含义是施救费应该单独计算,该项费用最高不超过保险金额。那么各项费用合起来,就有可能超过保险金额,但是最高不超过保险金额的两倍。
这种观点的理论依据是,被保险人为防止或者减少保险财产损失而采取施救、保护和管理等措施,必然要有一定的费用支出。由于被保险人的财产已经投保,从某种意义上说,被保险人的这些费用是为保险人的利益而支出的。因此,保险法规定,被保险人为防止或者减少保险标的损失而支付的必要的、合理的费用,应当由保险人来承担。由于被保险人的这种费用支出与其保险财产因保险事故所遭受的损失具有不同的性质,并且这种性质的费用支出不应超过保险财产的损失数额,所以,对被保险人这种费用支出,保险人所承担的数额在保险标的损失赔偿金额以外另行计算,最高不得超过保险金额。
之所以出现上述问题,是由于立法技术引起的。下面我们考察一下有关国家和地区在这个问题上的立法例,以求对解决该问题提供一些参考。

二、有关国家或地区的立法例

1、韩国立法例
《韩国商法》第680条规定:“保险合同人与被保险人应尽力防止损害的发生,但是因此而支出的必要或者有益的费用及补偿金,即使超过保险金,也由保险人负担。”
《韩国商法》第694条之2规定:“保险人承担补偿被保险人为了防止因保险事故所致的损害而支出的救助费用的责任。但是,保险标的的救助费分担部分的价值超过保险价值时,不承担补偿该超过的部分的分担价值。”
2、日本立法例
《日本商法典》第660条规定:“被保险人应尽力防止损失发生。但是,为此支付的有益费用及填补额虽超过保险金额,也归保险人负担。”
3、德国立法例
《德国保险契约法》第62条规定:“(1)保险事故发生时,要保人有尽可能防止或减轻损害并遵照保险人指示的义务;若情况允许,要保人应请求保险人指示。若有多数保险人且其指示互相对立时,要保人应依照符合其义务规定的判断行事。(2)要保人故意或因重大过失而违反前项义务者,保险人免除给付的义务。因重大过失所致的违反,倘要保人履行义务也不能减少损失的范围者,保险人仍有给付的义务。”
《德国保险契约法》第63条规定:“(1)要保人依据第62条所支出的费用,纵使未发生效果,若依据当时情况,要保人认为该费用系必要者,保险人应偿还。依照保险人的指示所生的费用与其他补尝金融合计超过保险金额者,保险人也应偿还。保险人于要保人请求时应预付必要费用。”
《德国保险契约法》第66条规定:“(1)依照当时情况,要保人为凋查及确定保险人应负责任的损害所支出的费用系必要者,保险人应偿还。”
《德国保险契约法》第144条(运输保险)规定:“(1)保险人对于要保人依据第62条为避免或减少损害所生的必要费用,其数额与赔偿金额合计虽超过保险金额,保险人也应偿还。(2)为避免或减少,或为调查及确定损害,或为回复或修缮因保险事故受损的物所生的费用,或为给付共同海损的分担额,或要保人清偿分担额的义务已存在者,保险人对于嗣后的保险事故所致的损害,不计其先前已负担的费用及分担额,仍须负责。”
《德国保险契约法》第145条(运输保险)规定:“保险事故发生后,保险人可以给付保险金额以免除所有其他的义务。但在保险人欲以给付保险金额以免除其他给付义务的声明送达于要保人之前,其对于为避免或减少损害或回复或修缮保险财产的费用,仍有赔偿的义务。”
4、意大利立法例
《意大利民法典》第1914条规定:“被保险人应当在可能的限度内避免或减少损害;被保险人为避免或减少损害所花费的费用,尽管其总额与损害在一起将超过保险金额,且尽管没有达到目的,也要由保险人按照物在灾害期间的保险价值的比例承担,除非保险人证明所花的费用是轻率的。”
5、台湾地区立法例
我国台湾地区保险法第33 条规定:“保险人对于要保人或被保险人,为避免或减轻损害之必要行为所生之费用,负偿还之责。其偿还数额与赔偿金额,合计虽超过保险金额,仍应偿还。保险人对于前项费用之偿还,以保险金额对于保险标的之价值比例定之。”
通过对有关国家和地区的相关立法进行比较研究后我们发现,对被保险人为了防止损害的发生而因此支出的必要或者有益的费用及补偿金,即使超过保险金额,也由保险人负担。这已经是通例,无需再作争论。

三、修改和完善我国《保险法》第42条的具体建议

从保险法的立法本意出发,应对《保险法》第42条作这样的理解。为了减少保险标的的损失,鼓励被保险人施救保险标的的积极性,保险人应支付被保险人为施救保险标的而支出的必要的合理的费用。
保险法第42条第二款所规定的必要费用,是指为防止或者减少保险财产损失而采取的必要的措施所支出的费用,如某厂投保了企业财产保险后,火灾在某车间发生,为了使火灾不至蔓延扩大,被保险人将周围也属于保险财产的附属建筑物拆除所致的损失,也应由保险人赔偿。“合理的费用”,是指为了防止或者减少保险财产损失而采取的合理的措施所支付的,比如,为了抢救保险财产,搬运至最近安全点进行临时存储,但在危险状态消除后,应当及时搬回,因为延期存储的费用不属于合理的费用。通常情况下,财产保险的赔偿金额不得超过保险金额,但是,为了减少保险财产损失,而支出的费用与保险事故造成的保险财产的损失具有不同的性质,应当分别计算。因此,保险人对被保险人采取必要的措施而支出的费用而承担的赔偿金额,不包括在保险财产损失赔偿金额以内,也就是采取必要措施支出的费用与保险财产损失金额可以分别按照两个保险金额计算,但是均以不超过保险金额为限。
鉴于目前的保险法第42条的语言表述不严谨,极易引起误解,所以有必要对其进行修改。我们认为应将其修改为:
保险事故发生时,被保险人有责任尽力采取必要的措施,防止或者减少损失。
保险事故发生后,被保险人为防止或者减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要的、合理的费用,由保险人承担;保险标的损失赔偿金额与被保险人为防止或者减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要的、合理的费用之和可以超过保险金额,但最高不得超过保险金额的两倍。

参考文献

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国务院办公厅转发国务院口岸领导小组关于加强疏港工作的几项规定的通知(附英文)(已失效)

国务院


国务院办公厅转发国务院口岸领导小组关于加强疏港工作的几项规定的通知(附英文)

1984年12月19日,国务院

通知
国务院口岸领导小组制订的《关于加强疏港工作的几项规定》已经国务院批准,现转发给你们,请贯彻执行。

国务院口岸领导小组关于加强疏港工作的几项规定
随着经济体制改革全面深入进行和对外开放政策的进一步贯彻,我国的内、外贸易将更加发展,而港口的综合通过能力近期内还不能得到根本的改善,预计今后相当长的时间,运量与运输能力的矛盾仍很突出。为了保持港口畅通,加速车、船、库场的周转和货物流通,提高社会经济效益,必须加强疏运工作。为此,特作如下规定:
一、坚持计划运输。外贸进出口货物运输计划实行“两级平衡、集中管理”的办法。对于综合平衡后下达的运输计划,各部门都要严格执行。
1、各外贸专业公司、工贸公司要均衡交货。各有关船舶运输公司要均衡派船和到船,避免船舶集中到港。
2、港口对到港外贸船舶的装卸,应严格执行先计划内、后计划外,原则上按照到港先后的顺序安排装卸作业。
3、铁路、公路、水运各运输部门要积极集疏。铁路部门对疏港物资要按交通部、铁道部、经贸部月度平衡计划,优先配车,优先装运;除发生自然灾害和重大事故造成运输中断以及铁路严重堵塞外,在压港期间,原则上不得停装和限装经由限制口的压港物资。
4、物资部门(或代理单位)要按运输部门规定的时间提供流向和落实接储措施。要按货车在站停留时间组织接车、卸车,不得以车代库。有关部门要及时将交货、到船情况通报物资部门。
5、凡未按交通部、铁道部、经贸部月度平衡会议要求报送计划的无计划到船,由当地人民政府对责任单位处以每吨一元的罚款,并按有关规定申报接卸。对已按要求报送计划,因港口、铁路能力不足,未能列入计划的到船,不予罚款。但对集中到港的大宗物资,如超过年度计划月均水平15%的,对责任单位处以每吨五角的罚款。罚款收入由当地人民政府拿出50%-70%用于奖励疏港有成绩的口岸有关单位(包括口岸检查、检验部门)和个人,由省(区、市)口岸办公室具体组织实施。
6、对不属合理流向的到港铁路中转物资,在限额以内的(杂货不超过五百吨,大宗物资不超过一千吨),铁路部门应视为合理流向予以承运。超过限额的,应挂港靠卸。

7、国务院口岸领导小组办公室和省(区、市)口岸办公室会同有关主管部门,对组织货单、订货、交货、派船、港口装卸和后方疏运等环节进行督促检查,并协调、仲裁计划运输中的重大矛盾。
二、为了保持港口枢纽的正常生产秩序,调动各方的积极性,加快车、船、货的周转,根据当前经济体制改革的精神,口岸各有关单位应签订双边或多边的经济协议,明确责任,奖罚分明。协议的内容可以包括船舶速遣滞期、铁路装车数、货车在港停留时间、超计划卸船、装车的奖励等经济制约条款,由当地口岸办公室组织落实。
三、近距离物资,除大宗散货和有铁路专用线的外,原则上用汽车疏运。公路运输企业要千方百计改善经营、降低成本和运价,采取优质服务、薄利多运的原则。各港口的汽车疏运距离由当地省(区、市)人民政府根据本地不同情况作出规定。在规定距离内,除特殊情况下,铁路不予装车。
四、有水路疏运条件的港口,要充分利用水上过驳和船舶疏运。由各省、自治区、直辖市自行接运的物资,在本省运力不能及时保证疏运时,由当地口岸办公室会同有关部门调剂运力,抵达港要按计划内到船安排接卸。
五、在港口压船或其他特殊情况下,经交通部、铁道部、经贸部及有关物资单位的主管部门研究确认的或国务院口岸领导小组办公室决定的改变到港外贸船舶,抵达港的港口和运输部门要按计划内到船对待,货主要积极配合,及时调整货物流向和落实接储措施。所增加的船舶费用由船方负担,增加的国内运费由货主负担。如已订有协议的,按协议办理。
六、凡进口适于装集装箱的一级危险品货物,除零星数量外,原则上采用集装箱运输。烈性危险货物原则上直接换装,货不落地,因特殊情况需进港口库场的,货主必须在限期内提离。
七、凡暂未按本规定第二条签订经济协议的,有关部门应按下列办法处理:
1、凡已卸到港口库场的进口物资,由于货主或代理人未能提供合理流向和落实接储措施等,导致港存期超过十天(四天合理保存期除外,下同)的,从超过日开始,对货主或代理人按规定费率加收堆存保管费50%,超过二十天的,加收100%。由于港口的责任,造成货主未能按期提到货物,港口免收误期的货物保管费,并向货主支付提货空放的车、船费用。凡属月度平衡计划内的物资由于铁路部门的责任,造成货主不能如期提货,所误期的货物保管费由铁路部门负担。对由于人力不可抗拒的原因或其他特殊原因造成货物不能及时提离,免收超期累进堆存保管费用。对责任问题发生分歧时,由当地口岸办公室协调仲裁。
2、在压港期间,货物卸进港口库场超过十四天,经催提仍未提离时,当地口岸办公室可确定进行转栈或转离港区,所发生的一切费用,由货主负担。转栈点的选择应有利于疏运,转栈货物需装火车外运时,铁路部门要按疏港物资对待。
3、进口货物卸货后,堆存期超过两个月,经催提仍未提离的,作为无法交付货物。已报关的由当地人民政府责成港口有关部门没收处理,未报关的由海关没收处理。处理货款按有关规定上交国库。货物处理后,如经查实确因工作失误,应由责任方赔偿货主经济损失。
4、遇有港口严重堵塞的情况,为了紧急疏通,由当地口岸办公室提出建议,经国务院口岸领导小组批准,也可对不超过两个月的在港物资作必要的处理。
八、港口所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应根据本规定,结合本地具体情况,制定疏港工作实施细则,报国务院口岸领导小组备案,并由当地口岸办公室组织执行。
九、本规定自一九八五年二月一日起试行。过去有关规定与本规定有抵触的,以本规定为准。

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THEAPPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF SEVERAL PROVISIONS BY THE LEADING GROUP FORPORT AFFAIRS ON STRENGTHENING THE WORK OF UNCLOGGING HARBOURS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE
APPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF SEVERAL PROVISIONS BY THE LEADING GROUP FOR
PORT AFFAIRS ON STRENGTHENING THE WORK OF UNCLOGGING HARBOURS
(December 19, 1984)
Several Provisions on Strengthening the Work of Unclogging Harbours
formulated by the Leading Group for Port Affairs under the State Council
has been approved by the State Council. It is hereby transmitted to you
for implementation.
SEVERAL PROVISIONS ON STRENGTHENING THE WORK OF UNCLOGGING HARBOURS
With the all-round deepening of the reform of the economic structure and
the further implementation of the opening policy, there will be further
growth in our domestic and foreign trade. However, it is not possible to
improve the comprehensive capacity of passage of our harbours
fundamentally in the near future. Sharp contradiction between freight
volume and transport capacity will remain for a fairly long time in the
foreseeable future. In order to keep the harbours unblocked, raise the
rate of utilization of vehicle, vessels and warehouses, speed up the flow
of goods, and improve social and economic results, it is necessary to
strengthen the work of unclogging harbours. For this purpose, provisions
are formulated as follows:
1. The policy of planned transport must be persisted in. The method of
"two-level balance and centralized administration" shall be adopted in
formulating transport plans for import and export of foreign trade goods.
The transport plans, which are issued after going through the procedure of
comprehensive balance, must be strictly implemented by all the
departments.
(1) All the foreign trade companies and industrial trade corporations
shall deliver goods in a balanced way. All the shipping companies shall
dispatch their ships in a balanced way so as to prevent the ships from
crowding into the harbours.
(2) In arranging loading and unloading foreign trade vessels, the harbours
shall strictly observe the principle of planned ones first and those
outside the plans next, and basically according to the order of their
arrival to the harbours.
(3) The railway, highway and water transport departments shall take an
active part in the work of unclogging harbours. Railway departments shall,
in dispatching wagons, loading and transporting goods, give priority to
the materials from the clogged harbours, according to the monthly balance
plan made jointly by the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of
Railways and the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade. Except
when transport is suspended as a result of natural disasters and major
accidents and when railways are seriously blocked, the loading and
transport of the materials from the clogged harbours may not, in
principle, be stopped or restricted.
(4) Departments in charge of materials and goods (or their agent units)
shall provide direction of transportation for the arrived materials and
take practical measures for receiving and storing the materials according
to the time set by transport departments. They shall unload the materials
and goods from the wagons during their stay at the stations and must not
use the wagons as storehouses. The relevant departments shall notify
departments in charge of materials and goods, timely, of the delivery and
arrival of vessels.
(5) If vessels arrive at harbours without having obtained the approval of
the monthly balance meeting held jointly by the Ministry of
Communications, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade, local people's governments shall impose a
fine of one yuan for every ton of goods on the responsible units and the
unloading of such vessels shall be arranged according to relevant
stipulations. Fines shall not be imposed on the vessels which have sent
the plans as demanded but have not been included in the plans due to
inadequacy of capacity of the harbours and railways. However, for large
amounts of materials which have crowded into harbours, if the amount is
15% more than the monthly average of the yearly plan, a fine of 0.5 yuan
for every ton of goods shall be imposed on the responsible units. Local
people's governments shall use 50% to 70% of the income derived from fines
in awarding the relevant units (including departments for harbour
inspection and examination) and individuals at the harbour that have made
achievements in unclogging the harbours. This shall be organized and
implemented by the offices in charge of port affairs in the provinces
(regions and municipalities).
(6) For those materials which have arrived at harbours to be transferred
through railways to certain places and which do not belong to reasonable
flow, if the amount is within the limit (less than 500 ton for sundry
goods, less than 1,000 ton for a large bulk of materials), railway
departments shall undertake their transport as reasonable flow. If the
amount exceeds the limit, the materials shall be unloaded at the harbours.
(7) Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council and the offices in
charge of port affairs in the provinces (regions and municipalities)
shall, together with the relevant competent departments, conduct
supervision and examination over such links of transportation as
organizing sources of goods, ordering goods, delivery of goods, dispatch
of vessels, loading and unloading at harbours and dispersion in transport,
and shall handle and arbitrate major problems which arise in planned
transport.
2. In order to maintain normal production order at harbours, bring into
full play the initiative of all the parties and raise the rate of
turn-rounds of vehicle, vessels and goods, the relevant units at the ports
shall, in the spirit of the current reform of the economic structure, sign
bilateral or multilateral economic agreements, define each party's
responsibilities and clearly observe the policy of awards and penalties.
The content of the agreements may include provisions concerning period of
detention for vessels, number of railway wagons to be loaded, the time
freight trains may be allowed to stay at harbours, awards to those who go
beyond the plans in unloading goods from vessels and loading wagons and
trucks, etc. - which, as economic restrictive clauses for the parties,
shall be implemented under the aegis of the local offices for port
affairs.
3. Except bulk cargo and those which can be transported through special
railway lines, the materials destined for places not far from harbours
shall in principle be transported by trucks. Highway transportation
enterprises shall try every means to improve business management, lower
the cost and freight rates, and apply the business policies of good
service, and small profits but quick turnover. The distance limit within
which the materials and goods from harbours must be transported by trucks
shall be set by local people's government of the province (region or
municipality) in accordance with the local conditions.
Except for special circumstances, the materials and goods for places
within the prescribed distance limit shall not be transported through
railways.
4. The harbours from which materials and goods can be transported by water
shall make full use of vessels. In case the provinces, autonomous regions
and municipalities directly under the Central Government are unable to
transport timely their materials and goods from clogged harbours, local
offices for port affairs and the relevant departments shall organize
transport for them, and the harbours of arrival shall treat such vessels
as those within the plan and arrange unloading for them.
5. In case a harbour is clogged or in other special circumstances, the
Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations and Trade as well as the competent departments
of the relevant units in charge of materials and goods, or the Leading
Group for Port Affairs of the State Council, may decide to change the
harbour of arrival for foreign trade vessels. The ports of arrival for
those vessels and departments for transportation shall treat them equally
as those within their plans and, with the close cooperation of the owners
of the cargo, adjust the direction of transportation for the cargo and
take measures for receiving and storing the cargo. The extra shipping
expenses shall be borne by the shipping companies and the extra domestic
freight, by the owners. If agreements have been signed, the agreements
shall apply.
6. Except for small quantities, imported grade-1 dangerous goods shall be,
in principle, transported in containers. Highly dangerous goods shall be,
in principle, transloaded directly without touching the ground. If it is
necessary to move them onto storage ground in extraordinary circumstances,
the owners must take delivery of the goods and leave the ground within a
time limit.
7. If economic agreements have not yet been signed in accordance with
Article 2 of these Provisions, the relevant departments shall handle the
cases according to the following measures:
(1) In case the imported materials which have been unloaded onto harbour
storage grounds remain at the harbour for more than 10 days (the 4 days of
reasonable storage period is not included, the same below) because the
owners or their agents fail to provide reasonable directions of
transportation and adopt practicable measures for receiving and storing
the goods, an additional storage fee, which is 50% of the set rate, shall
be collected from the owners or their agents starting from the first day
that is overdue; an additional storage fee, which is 100% of the set rate,
shall be collected if the materials are overdue for more than 20 days. If
the owners cannot take delivery of their goods in time because of the
harbour's responsibility, the harbour authority shall exempt them from
additional storage fees and pay the owners the expenses for hiring the
vehicle and vessels which have come in vain for the goods. If the owners
cannot take delivery of the goods which are within the monthly balance
plans because of the railway department's responsibility, the railway
department shall bear the additional storage fees. If goods cannot be
taken delivery of in time due to force majeure or other special reasons,
additional storage fees shall be exempted. Local offices for port affairs
shall mediate and arbitrate any disputes over issues of responsibilities.
(2) In case any unloaded and stored goods remain on the storage grounds of
a clogged harbour for more than 14 days, and the owners has already been
urged to take delivery of the goods, the local office for port affairs may
decide to move the goods to a warehouse or move them outside the harbour
area. The owner shall bear all the expenses arising therefrom. The choice
of the warehouses shall facilitate transportation of goods from the
clogged harbour. When the owners apply for train wagons for the
transportation of the goods in the warehouses, railway departments shall
treat their goods as materials from clogged harbours.
(3) In case imported goods remain at a harbour for more than two months
and the owner has not taken delivery of the goods although he has been
urged to do so, they shall be treated as goods which cannot be delivered.
Those goods which have gone through Customs declaration shall be
confiscated by the relevant department at the harbour according to the
instructions of the local people's government. Those goods which have not
gone through Customs declaration shall be confiscated by the Customs. The
income from the sale of the confiscated goods shall be turned over to the
State treasury according to the relevant stipulations. If it is proved
that the goods have been wrongly confiscated and sold, the party
responsible for the error shall pay for the economic loss of the owner.
(4) When a harbour is seriously blocked, in order to unclog it as soon as
possible, upon the suggestion of the local office for port affairs and the
approval of the Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council, some
materials which have remained at the harbour for less than two months may
also be subjected to necessary treatment.
8. The provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government, where there are harbours, shall, in accordance with
these Provisions, formulate rules for implementing the work of unclogging
harbours in the light of their respective conditions and report to the
Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council for the record. Local
offices for port affairs shall be responsible for the implementation of
the rules.
9. These Provisions shall be trial implemented as of February 1, 1985. If
any existing provisions in this regard conflict with these Provisions,
these Provisions shall prevail.


汉中市城市户外广告设置管理办法

陕西省汉中市人民政府


汉中市城市户外广告设置管理办法


 第一条 为加强对户外广告的设置管理,美化城市环境,根据《中华人民共和国广告法》、国务院《城市市容和环境卫生管理条例》、建设部《关于加强户外广告、霓虹灯设置管理的规定》及省、市有关法规、规章,结合本市实际,制定本办法。
  第二条 凡在城市规划区和风景旅游区(点)设置下列各类广告设施者.均应遵守本办法。
  一类广告设施:利用城市公共用地、人行道、广场、绿地独立架设、安装以及附着在建筑物或构筑物上的各类霓虹灯、灯箱、电子显示牌(屏)和其它各类广告宣传。
  二类广告设施:利用城市各类杆、塔、亭、棚、公共客运站棚安装设置的各类灯箱、电于显示牌(屏)、霓虹灯及其它牌板广告。
  三类广告设施:利用城市空间临时悬挂横幅、飘放宣传气球等广告。
  四类广告设施:凡设置、发布时间不超过20天的各类临时性商业广告、社会恬动广告、行业宣传广告,以及非经营性宣传广告和个人社会性启事。
  第三条 设置城市户外广告,经营单位必须持工商行政管理部门的批准文件,在城市户外广告设置管理机关进行登记后,按规定办理设置审批手续。
  第四条 汉中市城乡建设委员会是户外广告设置管理的行政管理机关。市城建监察支队下设城市广告设置管理办公室(以下简称广告设置办),具体负责户外广告设置的登记审批和监督管理,并依照有关法律法规.对违反本办法的行为进行查处。
  第五条 户外广告的发布必须符合<中华人民共和国广告法)的规定,遵守行政法规,遵守公平、诚实、信用的原则。其设置必须服从城市规划和城市景观要求,不得影响城市消防和交通安全。
  第六条 设置城市户外广告设施,必须符合《汉中市城市规划管理规定(试行)》的市容规划管理规定,并办理有关规划批准文件。
  第七条 设置户外广告设施实行申报制度。广告设置单位必须事先向市广告设置办提交书面申请及有关证明文件,经审查批准后方可设置。广告发布单位应具备相应资质,广告内容按工商行政管理部门的批准文件办理。
申请设置户外广告设施必须提交下列证件资料:
  (一)申请报告;
  (二)广告经营许可证或营业执照;
  (三)广告管理机关批准的广告内容审查文件;
  (四)广告拟设位置平面图;
  (五)广告设计方察及制作说明;
  (六)市政、建设管理部门及相关单位批准文件;
  (七)其它证件资料。
  第八条 设置一类广告设施,设置单位应向市广告设置办提出拟设申请并附送设计方案,广告设置办依据城市规划要求和批准文件,进行审批后方可施工设置。需与建(构)筑物同期施工、安装的,应在审查建设项目设计方案规划时,同时提交广告设施设计方案,经审批后,方可办理广告设置批准手续。
  第九条 设置二类广告设施,设置单位应首先征得市政管理部门或建筑物产权单位同意后,向市广告设置办提出拟设申请并附送设计方案,经广告设置办审查批准后方可设置。
  第十条 设置三、四类广告设施,设置单位应事先将广告内容报工商管理部门审查批准后,再向汉台区市容监察大队及南郑县城建监察大队提出设置申请,经批准后按指定地点设置悬挂、飘放。
  第十一条 各类非商业经营性宣传广告、标牌及其公益性广告设施的设置、揭布,按本办法第七条办理审批手续,由产权单位自行设置。
  第十二条 举办大型文化、体育、公益性社会恬动或商品交易会、展销会,需在会场外设置不超过20天的临时户外广告设施的,会议或活动的组织机构应按四类广告设施办理设置审批手续。经批准后,按规定地点设置。
  第十三条 机关、团体、单位制作的社会活动广告、行业政策宣传品以及生产、经营企业发布的各类商品信息广告,开业、庆典活动宣传信息,应区别情况尽可能张帖在“广告栏”内或使用绳索悬挂“过街红”标语发布。
  第十四条 各工商企业名牌、店牌、店址指示脾、产品介绍牌应附着于建筑物设置,禁止设置在人行道上。各类海报、标语、会期预告、寻人、换、招、租房屋等个人社会性启事广告,禁止在街道墙壁、电杆、树干、构筑物上任意张帖或涂绘,此类广告应在批定的“广告栏”内张帖发布。
  第十五条 利用城市公文客运停车站、棚设置户外广告设施,应与站、棚构筑物和街景相协调,力求造型美观,注意体现城市建筑艺术。
  第十六条 经批准设置户外广告的,设置单位必须按批准的项目、内容、形式,在指定的期限内设置完成,在规定的期限内末设置或期满未竣工的,应说明理由,超出规定期限半年以上者按自动放弃设置权处理。
  第十七条 经批准设置的户外广告,设置单位应在竣工之日起10日内,向市广告设置办提出验收申请,由市广告设置办组织有关部门进行验收,经验收符合标准要求的方可使用。属与建(构)筑物同期施工、安装的广告设施,在建设项目工程竣工验收时,一并验收。
  第十八条 户外广告设施设置应当牢固、安全。因设置不当或安全措施不牢固而给社会或他人造成损失的,设置单位或个人应承担全部责任。
  第十九条 经批准设置的户外广告设施,除广告设施管理机关依照规定程序变动外,其它任何单位和个人不得占用、拆除、遮盖或损坏。
  第二十条 为维护市容市貌,经批准的一、二类广告设施使用期为3年,三类及临时设置的四类广告设施使用期一般为10天,特殊情况最长不超过20天。使用期满,如需继续设置使用,必须按规定重新整修、刷新、更换,并重新注册登记。
  第二十一条 户外广告设施长期不用的,原设置单位不得私自转让或出租,由广告设置办收回用于公益性广告宣传使用。
  第二十二条 已设置的户外广告,在有效期限内,因城市建设等特殊需要必须拆除的,由市广告设置办通知设置单位,在期限内无条件拆除情理。
  第二十三条 户外广告设置管理费的收取,按城市规划管理有关规定执行,收取标准按陕西省建设厅、财政厅、物价局“陕建规发[1992]84号《关于在县城以上城市收取城市规划费的通知》的规定执行,管理费依照管理权限由市广告设置办公室收取,收取的管理费主要用于城市建设、管理的法规宣传和公益性广告宣传费的开支。以广告制作(包括设置)的投资总额为基数,投资在100万元以上的按2‰计收,投资在100万元以下的,按2.5‰计收,一、二类广告低于100元的按100元征收,三、四类广告低于50元的按50元征收。贴入“广告栏”内的各类揭布式广告免收登记、管理费。
  第二十四条 违反本办法规定的,对责任者视其情节轻重由市城建监察支队按照处罚程序依据国家有关广告设置和市容管理的有关法规,以及《汉中市城市规划管理规定(试行)》和《汉中市市容管理暂行规定》予以处罚。违反广告发布规定的,由工商管理部门依照有关法规予以处罚。
  第二十五条 有下列行为之一者,责令其停止建设,限期拆除、没收违法构筑物或广告设施。尚可采取改正措施的,责令限期改正,并参照《汉中市市容管理暂行规定》处于罚款:
  (一)未经许可设置户外广告的;
  (二)擅自改变许可证确定的地段、范围、内容要求设置广告设施的;
  (三)私自转让、买卖广告设施的;
  (四)超过许可证使用期限的。
  第二十六条 有下列行为之一者,责令其限期清理,或更换牌面,逾期仍不改正的,参照《汉中市市容管理暂行规定》处于罚款;
  (一)不定期保洁、维护、修缮户外广告设施的:
  (二)不按规定定期更换广告版面内容或更换未经审查批准的。
  第二十七条 有下列情形之一的,责令限期改正、赔偿,并参照《汉中市市容管理暂行规定》处于罚款。
  (一)户外广告设施设置安全措施不当,影响市政公用设施,交通安全设施,妨碍生产或人民生活,给社会或他人造成损害的;
  (二)未经广告设置办许可,占用、拆除、遮盖或损坏他人广告设施的;
  (三)设置中砍伐、攀折、损坏城市绿化设施的。
  第二十八条 户外广告设置管理部门及其工作人员滥用职权,徇私舞弊,弄虚作假,由所在单位或上级主管部门给予行政处分,构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。侵犯公民、法人和其他组织合法权益造成损害的,受害人有权依照国家有关法律法规追究当事人及其责任部门的侵权责任并取得赔偿。
  第二十九条 各县的户外广告设置管理,由各县具体负责,可依照本办法,结合本县实际制定县城及其建制镇的户外广告设置管理办法。
  第三十条 本规定自一九九九年三月一日起实施,实施中的具体问题,由市城乡建设委员会负责解释。


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